В этом документе описано как использовать NVIDIA видео оборудование в Debian GNU/Linux операционной системе. Следующая секция коротко описывает установку свободных драйверов, последующая часть документа покрывает несвободные (использующие возможности 3D ускорения) драйверы.

свободные драйверы

В Debian существуют три свободных драйвера, которые поддерживают NVIDIA карты. Вы можете посмотреть, какой из них сейчас используется вашей системой, запустив следцющую команду

Identification

The NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU) series/codename of an installed video card can usually be identified using the lspci command. For example:

•  $ lspci -nn | grep VGA
   01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation G80 [GeForce 8800 GTS] [10de:0193] (rev a2)

See HowToIdentifyADevice/PCI for more information. The PCI ID can be used to verify device support.

nvidia-detect

The nvidia-detect script (nvidia-detect package in non-free) can also be used to identify the GPU and required driver:

•  $ nvidia-detect 
   Detected NVIDIA GPUs:
   02:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 [GeForce GT 430] [10de:0de1] (rev a1)
   Your card is supported by the default drivers.
   It is recommended to install the
       nvidia-glx
   package.

Drivers

The proprietary «NVIDIA Accelerated Linux Graphics Driver» provides optimized hardware acceleration of OpenGL applications via a direct-rendering X server. It is a binary-only Xorg driver requiring a Linux kernel module for its use.

Four driver versions are available for Debian 7 «Wheezy»:

• Version 340.65 (supported devices)

• Version 304.125 (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 6xxx and higher GPUs.

• Version 173.14.35 (legacy GPUs) (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 5xxx / GeForce FX GPUs.

• Version 96.43.23 (legacy GPUs) (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 2, GeForce 3 and GeForce 4 GPUs.

Three driver versions are available for Debian 6.0 «Squeeze»:

• Version 195.36.31 (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 6xxx and higher GPUs, through to some GeForce 400 series.

• Version 173.14.27 (legacy GPUs) (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 5xxx / GeForce FX GPUs.

• Version 96.43.18 (legacy GPUs) (supported devices)

  • For GeForce 2, GeForce 3 and GeForce 4 GPUs.

The 71.86.xx driver — supporting NVIDIA NV4/NV5/NV6/NV10/NV15 GPUs and variants — is not available, as this does not support Xorg X server versions later than 1.4 (620526, 708338).

All versions above are available only for the x86 and x86-64 architectures (Debian i386 and AMD64 ports respectively).

Installation

Debian 7 «Wheezy»

Version 340.65 (via wheezy-backports)

Newer versions of the NVIDIA driver are available from wheezy-backports (supported devices).

1. Add wheezy-backports to your /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # wheezy-backports
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ wheezy-backports main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages:

    # aptitude update

3. Install the appropriate linux-headers:

    # aptitude install linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,')

4. Install the kernel module package from wheezy-backports:

    # aptitude -t wheezy-backports -r install nvidia-kernel-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-driver package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

5. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

6. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Version 304.125

For support of GeForce 6xxx and higher GPUs (supported devices). For older devices, see Version 173.14.35 (legacy GPUs) and Version 96.43.23 (legacy GPUs).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 7 "Wheezy"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

4. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Version 173.14.35 (legacy GPUs)

For support of GeForce 5xxx / GeForce FX GPUs (supported devices).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 7 "Wheezy"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-legacy-173xx-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx-legacy-173xx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

4. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Version 96.43.23 (legacy GPUs)

For support of GeForce 2, GeForce 3 and GeForce 4 GPUs (supported devices).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 7 "Wheezy"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-legacy-96xx-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx-legacy-96xx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

4. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Debian 6.0 «Squeeze»

Version 195.36.31

For support of GeForce 6xxx and higher GPUs (supported devices), up to and including some GeForce 400 series devices. For older devices, see Version 173.14.27 (legacy GPUs) and Version 96.43.18 (legacy GPUs).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 6.0 "Squeeze"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-2.6-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Update the initial ramdisk to include the nouveau blacklist (613951):

    # update-initramfs -u

4. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

5. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Version 173.14.27 (legacy GPUs)

For support of GeForce 5xxx / GeForce FX GPUs (supported devices).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 6.0 "Squeeze"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-2.6-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-legacy-173xx-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx-legacy-173xx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Update the initial ramdisk to include the nouveau blacklist (613951):

    # update-initramfs -u

4. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

5. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Version 96.43.18 (legacy GPUs)

For support of GeForce 2, GeForce 3 and GeForce 4 GPUs (supported devices).

1. Add «contrib» and «non-free» components to /etc/apt/sources.list, for example:

    # Debian 6.0 "Squeeze"
    deb http://http.debian.net/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free

2. Update the list of available packages. Install the appropriate linux-headers and kernel module packages:

    # aptitude update
    # aptitude -r install linux-headers-2.6-$(uname -r|sed 's,[^-]*-[^-]*-,,') nvidia-kernel-legacy-96xx-dkms

   This will also install the recommended nvidia-glx-legacy-96xx package. DKMS will build the nvidia module for your system.

3. Update the initial ramdisk to include the nouveau blacklist (613951):

    # update-initramfs -u

4. Create an Xorg server configuration file.

5. Restart your system to enable the nouveau blacklist.

Configuration

As the nvidia driver is not autodetected by Xorg, a configuration file is required to be supplied. For example:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf

•  Section "Device"
           Identifier "My GPU"
           Driver "nvidia"
   EndSection

The configuration file above can be created using these commands:

•  # mkdir /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d
   # echo -e 'Section "Device"\n\tIdentifier "My GPU"\n\tDriver "nvidia"\nEndSection' > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf

Please note that this configuration will break Xorg on Optimus systems. For such hardware, see Bumblebee instead.

Restart your system at this point to enable the nouveau driver blacklist.

Additional configuration information is available.

Troubleshooting

• The NVIDIA driver conflicts with the nouveau DRM driver (580894). The nouveau kernel module is blacklisted by the nvidia-kernel-common package.

  • Restart your system after configuring Xorg for the NVIDIA driver.

  • From xserver-xorg-video-nouveau‘s README.Debian:

     If you decide to switch to the proprietary driver, it is highly
     recommended to reboot because it is incompatible with nouveau, and
     unloading the latter is not easy and may lead to a blank console.

• Additional troubleshooting information is available.

See Also

• /Configuration

• /Troubleshooting

• Xorg

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CategoryProprietarySoftware

Источник https://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers